The written exam in Logic, held on Thursday, July 2, by the high school graduates who opted for this discipline in the national Baccalaureate exam 2026, was more demanding than in previous sessions, according to professor Radu Morariu.
The teaching staff provided a detailed analysis of the subject for “The Truth”, pointing out that although the structure of the exam remained broadly the same, the formulation of some grids and the complexity of certain requirements created additional difficulties for candidates.
He also drew attention to how evaluators could interpret certain solutions, which could lead to missing important points.
According to Professor Radu Morariu, the first subject of the test included several elements that put the candidates in difficulty, especially through the creative way of formulating the grids. He pointed out that although the overall structure of the exam did not change, the level of difficulty was slightly higher than the previous year.
“Compared to the previous sessions, the structure of the Baccalaureate exam in the discipline of Logic remained broadly the same, so the topics could not vary much from what was given in previous years, however, the level of difficulty was slightly higher than that of the previous year, because some small traps were introduced in certain grids, which students had to be very careful to answer correctly, otherwise they risked falling into error“, the teacher explained.
An eloquent example provided by him is grid number 4, which asked candidates about the logical predicate of the converse of a given sentence.
“The way the grids were formulated was more creative, so to speak, and an eloquent example of this is grid number 4, which asked candidates about the logical predicate of the converse of a certain sentence, given that usually the questions refer to the logical predicate of the sentence in its direct form, and this change of perspective, if they are not careful enough, can lead them to a wrong answer”stated Morariu.
The pitfalls scattered in the exam sheet
The teacher pointed out that the basic principle that the students should have applied is that in a logical conversion, the subject and predicate are reversed, which means that the predicate of the conversion is actually the subject of the original sentence.
“Unfortunately, including the person who provided the internet statements, in the pictures I saw they solved that grid incorrectly, wrongly pointing out the correct option, which was actually B, famous paintings, not black tulips, and anyway, the black tulip option made no sense, so the students could have figured it out from this clue, but they didn’t because they didn’t pay enough attention to the essential details.” he added.
In addition to grid 4, the teacher identified other elements that increased the difficulty of the first topic, such as grid 7, which refers to the accidental conversion, but not in the usual form from SAP to PIS, but from PAS to SIP. “This is the same reasoning, only expressed in a different way than what students are used to encountering in regular exercises, and this can be confusing”Morariu explained.
Another point of difficulty was the Euler representation at point B, which, according to the teacher, contains a contradiction, and the elements are presented in a less structured way.
“Once you’ve established the contradiction between A and B, you have to look at the end to see how the E relates to the other elements, and only then get the other terms right, and this approach made the students wander through describing the relationships, which is an interesting element that complicates the solution”the teacher explained.
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At the point where candidates had to determine truth values based on the graph, there is only one false sentence out of the total, which could have led students to consider other sentences false as well. “Students usually do not expect that out of a set of nine sentences, seven will be true, even though this is theoretically possible”Morariu added.
Possible proofreading errors
Professor Radu Morariu also drew attention to a problem related to the correction process, which could affect students’ grades. He pointed out that, in the case of the Euler representation in point 1B, there are two possible solutions that should be considered, but this possibility is not clearly specified in the scale.
“Unfortunately, reviewers are not always the brightest or most experienced, and many of them come from other specialties. I know a few reviewers who usually call me to solve their issues”said the teacher.
He explained that some evaluators might ignore the other, less obvious solution, which could result in losing important points for.
“There is a risk that some may mis-score, which would be unfair to students”the teacher added.
Analysis of subjects II and III
In subject II, the teacher indicated that the second requirement, involving the derivation of the formula of a sentence, was one of the most difficult for candidates. Although this type of exercise has occurred in the simulation before, the difficulty was amplified by the fact that both reasonings in point D are correct, making the explanation in point C more difficult.
“Simply invoking the law of distribution of terms is not enough, it is necessary to specify how the distribution is applied to demonstrate that they really understand the wording of the law, and this aspect may unsettle or confuse some candidates”explained Professor Morariu.
Regarding topic III, the teacher mentioned that one of the modes violates a law of quality, having two affirmative premises and a negative conclusion, an atypical situation. Although the rest of the topics are classic and the difficulty cannot be varied too much, as far as possible, the authors tried to play with certain elements to create a more challenging test.
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“I don’t think there will be as many 10’s as usually obtained in previous years, so it can be said that this year’s exam was a bit more complicated than last year’s“, concluded Professor Radu Morariu.
The remaining calendar and the conditions for passing the 2026 Baccalaureate
The last written test of the June-July session is scheduled for Friday, July 3, when graduates who have studied in a national minority language will take the Mother Language and Literature exam.
For the other candidates, the series of written tests ended after Thursday’s testing.
The initial results of the Baccalaureate will be displayed on July 7, until 12:00, and on the same day, between 14:00 and 18:00, the period for viewing papers and submitting appeals begins, which continues on July 8 and 9.
Appeals are resolved between July 9 and 10, and the final results will be published on July 13.
To pass the exam, graduates must cumulatively meet three conditions: pass all language and digital skills assessment tests, obtain at least a grade of 5 in each written test, and have an overall average of at least 6 in the written tests.
Candidates who do not meet these requirements are declared “rejected” and can participate in the second Baccalaureate session, scheduled between July and August 2026, according to the official calendar published by the Ministry of Education.
