How we turn the yard into an ecological garden. Guide to specialists to start a bio culture

A organic garden can be a safe source of healthy food, but also a place of relaxation and reconnection with nature. Ecological agriculture specialists offer some precious tips for the success of such initiatives.

Ecological gardening has become more and more popular in recent years, being attractive both as a hobby and lifestyle. Some look at it as a healthier alternative to food in the trade.

Other gardening amateurs consider it an effective way to reduce the expenses allocated to vegetables or aromatic plants. The numerous media channels promoting the gardening have contributed to the increase of its popularity, along with the European funds for those who practice organic farming.

“Ecological agriculture is an agricultural method of producing foods using natural substances and processes, contributing to a higher biodiversity and reduced water, air and soil pollution. The European Commission considers it an essential tool to make the agriculture more sustainable and has set the objective that 25 percent of the agricultural surface of the EU is to be cultivated by 1030 2022. Between 2014–2022, farmers received approximately 12 billion euros to support ecological agriculture practices, through the common agricultural policy ”shows a report from 2024 of the European Court of Accounts.

For those who practice small -scale gardening (in courtyards, balconies or other available green spaces), specialists show numerous benefits. Such activities bring physical, material and mental advantages: they reduce stress and improve the mood of those who practice them.

Garden Organic, an organization in the UK that aims to encourage everyone to grow “in the ecological style”, offers a guide to those who are preparing to start growing plants.

Choose the ideal place for the bio garden

The first step that future gardeners have to take is the evaluation of the available space that they can plan what kind of ecological garden they can arrange and what they can sow or plant here. One of the things to take into account is the orientation of the garden.

“A south-oriented garden will have the sun almost all day. One oriented north will be more shaded. This does not mean you can not grow anything: leafy vegetables (salad, spinach), some aromatic plants and berries such as black currants will do well. The walls oriented to the west absorb it,” The gardens facing east can be the most problematic: the plants cool down in the evening and at night, then they are suddenly exposed to the strong morning sun ”, shows specialists from organic garden.

The relief of the land will influence, in turn, the arrangement of the garden. The areas exposed to the wind can reduce the temperature of the air, slowing the growth of plants, and a sheltered environment can do wonders.

“The steep slopes can lead to water leakage, soil and nutrient loss. Arrange the layers along the level curves, not perpendicular to the slope, to reduce erosion.”is a tip offered on the organization’s website.

A soil with a good structure will allow the circulation of air and water, while one too compacting means a weak drainage and suffocated roots.

“The sandy soils are slightly drained and heat the spring faster – ideal for roots. The clay or clay soils better retain water and nutrients – excellent for cabbage, broccoli and other brassicaceae”the specialists show.

And weeds can be good indicators of the soil status. For example, the steps grow on a clay soil, slightly acidic, and the chickens, on wet, neutral or alkaline soil.

Plan what you want to grow

A well -made plan can keep gardening lovers to avoid problems and enjoy constant harvests. Farmers are advised to take into account the orientation of the space, the type of soil and light, so that they place the plants where they are doing well.

“Plant what you know you will consume, considering that some vegetables produce a lot (eg pumpkin), and others a single harvest (eg carrots, garlic). A calendar helps you have production all year. winter ”, shows organic garden.

Rotation of crops can prevent diseases and optimize soil fertility. “It follows the principles of ecological gardening: without chemicals, carefully towards the soil, biodiversity and respect for nature – whether you are a beginner or you want to go to gardening 100 percent bio,” recommends specialists.

Choose the right plants

Gardeners are advised to choose the plants according to the specific conditions of the garden, not only according to the decorative aspect. According to the organic garden, respecting the principle “the right plant, at the right place” is essential for a healthy culture.

“The plants will prosper and will be less affected by pests and diseases (which reduces the need for fertilizers or chemicals), if their choice takes into account the specific conditions in your garden. And it is better to cultivate them from seeds – so they will adapt from the beginning of your environment and will have every chance to develop,” shows the experts.

For example, Mediterranean plants prefer sun and dry soil, while others develop well in wet and shaded areas. It is important to take into account the type of soil, light exposure, available space and local microclimate. The properly adapted plants will be more resistant and will require less intervention against pests.

Take care of the soil

A healthy, well -structured and fertile soil allows plants to absorb water and nutrients, supporting a vigorous growth. Gardeners are advised to observe the texture, humidity and pH of the soil, to know what plants fit and what is needed to improve it.

The digging can be useful, but the excess spoils: it affects the structure and stimulates the weeds. Many gardeners adopt methods without digging, using compost and mulch applied to the surface.

“To feed your soil, use rich materials, such as garden compost or well fermented manure. They release slowly nutrients, improve soil structure and support beneficial microorganisms,” informs Garden Organic.

Mixing the leaves well decomposed in the soil increases the water retention capacity and improves the texture, adds the specialists.