The 2026 Baccalaureate Romanian Language and Literature exam remains one of the most important for 12th grade students, and the list of works and the structure of the exam are essential in preparing for this decisive test.
The works that students must study for Bac 2026. Poems (lyrical genre)
The poems that the students have to study fall into several currents.
1. Pashoptism
“Shadow of Mircea at Cozia” (by Grigore Alexandrescu) or “Malul Siretului” (by Vasile Alecsandri)
2. Romance
“Luceafar” or “Blue flower“, by Mihai Eminescu
3. Extensions of Romanticism and Classicism (only for the Human profile)
“Death of Lightning” (by George Coșbuc) or “Prayer” (by Octavian Goga) or “A long time ago” (by Octavian Goga)
4. Symbolismit
“Lead” or “lake”, by George Bacovia
5. Modernism
“Mould Flowers” or “Testament”by Tudor Arghezi
“Riga Crypto and Lapland Enigel”by Ion Barbu
6. Modernism and Expressionism
“I do not crush the crown of wonders of the world”by Lucian Blaga
7. Vanguardism (only for the Human profile)
“Time of the Fountains”by Ion Vinea
8. Traditionalism
“Here came the old days” (by Ion Pillat) or “In the Garden of Gethsemane” (by Vasile Alecsandri)
9. Neomodernism
“Young lioness, love…”, by Nikita Stănescu
The works that the students must study for the 2026 Baccalaureate. The epic genre
The cult fairy tale. “The Story of Harap-Alb”by Ion Creangă
Historical short story. “Alexandru Lăpușneanu” by Costache Negruzzi
The psychological novel. “Die with luck” by Ioan Slavici
Fantastic short story. “To the gypsies” (by Mircea Eliade) or “At Manjoala’s inn” (by IL Caragiale)
The novel (in terms of appearance)
– Interwar:
- ,,Ion”by Liviu Rebreanu
- “Bed of Procrustes” or “The last night of love, the first night of war” by Camil Petrescu
- “The puddle”by Mihail Sadoveanu
- Maitreyaby Mircea Eliade
- “Otilia’s Enigma” by George Călinescu
– Post-war:
- “Murmurs”by Marin Preda
- “The most beloved of earthlings” by Marin Preda
- “Raspberry of the field”by Mircea Nedelciu (only for the Human profile)
The novel (from the point of view of typology)
- Social. ,,Ion”by Liviu Rebreanu
- Balzacian. “Otilia’s Enigma” by George Călinescu
- Psychological. ,,Procrustus’ Bed” or “The last night of love, the first night of war” by Camil Petrescu
- Of the experience. ,,Maitreyi”by Mircea Eliade
- Mythical. ,,the puddle”by Mihail Sadoveanu
- Of family. ,,the grumblers”by Marin Preda
- The metanovel. ,,“Raspberry”by Mircea Nedelciu (only for the Human profile)
The operas that students must study for the 2026 Baccalaureate. The dramatic genre
1. Comedy
“A Lost Letter”by IL Caragiale
2. Interwar drama (only for the Human profile)
“The game of the streets” or “Strong souls” (by Camil Petrescu) or “Craftsman Manole” (by Lucian Blaga)
3. Post-war drama0
Jonah by Marin Sorescu
Related contents. Real Profile
– cultural/literary currents in the 17th-18th centuries: humanism and enlightenment
– the modern period:
a. 19th century – beginning of the 20th century (pashoptist period; junimist criticism)
b. cultural/literary currents in the 19th century – the beginning of the 20th century (romanticism, realism, symbolism)
c. the interwar period (thematic orientations in the interwar novel, types of novel: psychological and experiential; interwar poetry, thematic, stylistic and visionary diversity; cultural/literary currents in the interwar period: modernism, traditionalism; cultural identity in a European context)
d. the post-war period (the post-war novel, poetry in the post-war period, theater in the post-war period; cultural/literary currents: postmodernism)
Related contents. Human Profile
– foundations of Romanian culture (origins and evolution of the Romanian language
– the ancient period (formation of historical consciousness)
– cultural/literary currents in the 17th-18th centuries: humanism and enlightenment
– the modern period:
a. the 19th century – the beginning of the 20th century (Pashoptist period; Romania, between the West and the East; Junimist criticism)
b. cultural/literary currents in the 19th century – the beginning of the 20th century (romanticism, realism, symbolism, extensions of romanticism and classicism)
c. the interwar period (thematic orientations in the interwar novel, types of novel: psychological and experiential; interwar poetry, thematic, stylistic and vision diversity; cultural/literary currents in the interwar period: modernism, traditionalism; avant-garde orientations, cultural identity in a European context)
d. the post-war period (types of novels in the post-war period, a novel written between 1960-1980, a novel written after 1980; poetry in the post-war period; theater in the post-war period; cultural/literary currents: postmodernism)
– Romanian cultural/literary currents in a European context
Complete syllabus for Bac 2026
The content for the Baccalaureate exam (and implicitly for the simulation) has been the same for over 10 years. The complete syllabus for Romanian Language and Literature, Real profile, can be downloaded here. And the one for Human, from here.
Baccalaureate 2026 calendar, summer session
- June 8 – 10 – Assessment of oral communication skills in Romanian (test A)
- June 10 – 11 – Assessment of oral communication skills in the mother tongue (test B)
- June 11 – 12 – Assessment of language skills in an internationally spoken language (test C)
- June 15 – 17 – Assessment of digital skills (test D)
The written tests will start on June 29, with Romanian language and literature (test Ea), followed by:
- June 30 – Compulsory profile test (Ec)
- July 2 – Test of choice of profile and specialization (Ed)
- July 3 – Mother language and literature (Eb)
Initial results will be posted on July 7, appeals will be filed on the same day, and final results will be announced on July 13, 2026.
